![]() In addition, EtherCAT has the advantage of being able to flexibly configure network topologies such as line, tree, and star. EtherCAT communication is full-duplex communication with a high-speed transmission of 100 Mbps. EtherCAT communication is widely used in industrial applications due to its high-speed transmission and accurate synchronization performance. In the past, there have been cases of developing SST systems using CAN and SCI communication methods, but to overcome the limitations of communication speed and data throughput, a controller with a complex structure that uses multiple communications is configured. However, this method is not suitable for real-time processing of data of many modules due to its slow speed. Therefore, to optimally implement a 3-phase SST system, a topology optimization study is required to reduce switching elements and passive elements.Ī controller area network (CAN) and serial communication interface (SCI) communication have the advantage that they can be easily implemented in the controller of the DSP-based power conversion system. In this case, when the unit module structure is determined, the number of high-frequency isolated transformers (HFIT) is also proportional to the number of modules. Although there are various topologies for SST, the most commonly considered structure is the one in which an AC/DC converter and dual active bridge (DAB) converter are combined in a 1:1 ratio. Therefore, it is necessary to study the structure of an SST having an efficient multi-level structure in which modules are stacked in series and parallel using devices with low withstand voltage. Considering the cost-effectiveness, commercial S i C devices that can be actually selected for manufacturing SST are as narrow as 1200∼1700 V devices. At present, S i C devices of 3000 V or higher are being developed by major device makers, but they are very expensive and difficult to apply to actual systems. A normal result is 60 to 170 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL).The basic research on the development of SST using non-commercial S i C devices of 10 kV or higher were mainly conducted at universities. This is a measure of the iron in your serum - fluid in blood that isn’t part of the clotting process. Normal ferritin is 24 to 336 micrograms per liter (mcg/L) for men and 11 to 307 mcg/L for women. Ferritin is a protein in your blood that stores iron. This test shows the size of your red blood cells. Normal is 35.5 to 44.9 percent for adult women and 38.3 to 48.6 percent for adult men. That’s the volume of red blood cells in your blood. Normal is 13.2 to 16.6 grams per deciliter (g/dL) for men and 11.6 to 15 g/dL for women. So when iron is low, hemoglobin can run low. When you have low iron or iron-deficiency anemia, these test results usually show: You may also get further tests specific to iron. This shows how many red blood cells you have, how big they are, and what shape they are. ![]() Next, your doctor will order blood tests, including one called a complete blood count (CBC). ![]() First, they’ll do a physical exam to check for symptoms. Getting Diagnosedĭoctors have several tools to help them find out if you have low iron or iron-deficiency anemia. ![]() You could also crave non-food items such as ice, starch, clay, or dirt. Loss of color in your skin or yellow skin.You might also see physical changes that point to low iron. The most common effects of low iron include: Low iron affects everyone a little differently. This might result from bleeding in your gut, your period, or an injury. When a lot of blood leaves your body, your iron levels plummet. Chronic kidney disease is often to blame. You have a condition that prevents your gut from absorbing iron. Some medications for reducing stomach acid can also lower iron absorption. Issues with your gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as celiac disease or a problem after GI surgery, can keep you from absorbing iron through your gut. Your body takes in most of its iron through the upper small intestine. If you don’t get more, your iron levels will dip. If you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, or going through a growth spurt, your body needs more iron - and more red blood cells - than usual. When your regular menu lacks iron, your body will run low on it. Iron-rich foods include meats, poultry, and fish, as well as cereal and bread with added iron, legumes, tofu, spinach, dried fruit, broccoli, and nuts. You can have low iron that leads to anemia for a number of reasons. When your hemoglobin drops below normal levels because of low iron, you have iron-deficiency anemia, the most common type.
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